Potato growth cycle
1 dormant period
After the harvest of potato, it can not germinate in a suitable environment for long time. It is a physiological natural dormancy, and it is a kind of adaptability to the bad environment. Tuber dormancy begins at the moment of the tip of the creeping stem and stops polar growth and the tuber begins to expand. The duration of dormancy was related to the storage of tubers, and it was related to the seedling emergence in time after sowing, which was related to the level of the yield. The length of potato dormancy period was affected by storage temperature, under the conditions of 26 degrees Celsius, because of different varieties, dormant period from 1 months to 3 months or more. Potatoes can remain dormant for a long time at temperatures of 0-4 degrees Celsius. The activity direction of the enzyme was determined by the activity of the enzyme, which was closely related to the environmental conditions.
2 germination period
The growth of potato sprouts from the tuber, and the tuber is only released from dormancy, which has the obvious growth of buds and seedlings. From bud initiation to emergence is the germination period, the first period of growth of stem. Germination phase growth center in shoot elongation, root and the formation of stolon, nutrition and moisture mainly by seed and by sequential feeding of stems and leaves and roots. The speed and the quality of growth, are subject to the environmental conditions of seed potato and germination. Growth time is because of the variety and dormancy characteristics, growing seasons and technical measures for different and vary in length, from 1 month to several months ranging.
3 seedling stage
From emergence to the sixth leaf or the eight leaves can be to complete a phyllotaxy growth, called "rosette", is the second paragraph of stem growth, for the duration of potato seedlings. Seedling stage after a short time, whether in spring or autumn for only a short period of half a month.
4 tillering stage
From rosette to the twelfth or the 16 leaves unfold, early maturing variety in the first inflorescence flowering; late maturing varieties to the second inflorescence flowering, potato tillering stage, too about 1 month is paragraph three of the main stem growth. Tillering stage, main stem began to sharply overstating, accounted for a total height of about 50%; stem leaves had been completed and branch and branch and leaf expansion. Root continues to expand, tuber enlargement to the pigeon egg size, tillering stage, with a center turning stage of growth, the end of a stage of transition to stem and leaf dry matter quality and tuber dry matter quality than to balance as the standard.
5 node period
Tuber formation stage. The tillering stage is completed, will enter the growth of tuberization in tuber. In this period, the growth of stem and leaf was decreasing, the basal leaves turned yellow and withered, and the organic nutrients of plant parts were transported to the tuber, and the tuber increased quickly, especially in the 10 day after flowering. The length of the node is limited by climatic conditions, disease and variety, and so on, which is generally 30-50 days.
growth conditions
Potato like cold and cold, is like the low temperature of the crop. The formation and growth of the underground potato blocks need to be loose, breathable, cool and moist in the soil environment.
Potato requirements for temperature: the temperature of tuber growth is 16 C ~18 C, when the ground temperature is higher than 25 degrees Celsius, the stem growth of stem and leaf temperature is 15 C ~25 C, more than 39 degrees C stop growth.
The potato is introduced China only 300 years of history. It is said that the introduction of overseas Chinese from Southeast Asia, in twenty-first Century Chinas potato acreage ranks second in the world. With high yield, rich nutrition and strong adaptability to environment, it has been widely spread all over the world, and even in the tropical and subtropical countries.