sowUse tuber propagation, the potatoes by Yayan cut block, sowing on ridge, in March or September sowing, the average temperature of more than 25 DEG C, underground tubers stop growing. About three months or so, it will be mature.matters needing attentionEarly sowing in good time: the whole growth period to timely early soil preparation, fertilizing, seeding, the potatoes in the relatively cold and low temperature season, the tuber formation and enlargement to avoid high temperature period.Pay attention to the general thickness of the earth moulding thickness not less than 12 cm. If the sowing soil thickness, after the emergence of seedling growth with the earth 1~2. Soil cover is too thin, the ground temperature changes violently, and the creeping stem is easy to flee to the ground.Field managementThe potato plant is divided into the ground and the underground, above ground stems, pinnately compound leaves, flower buds and fruits; underground part is underground stem, root, creeping stems and tubers. Results or not and the varieties and environment condition on, the varieties of the same in different years and the same year planting time different will affect whether or not to bear fruit. Potato cultivation in the obtained product is produced by underground tubers. Tuber is formed by creeping stem tip swelling. They have stems many characteristics. Stolons and tubers and stems can be said that there is no essential difference, can be transformed into each other under certain environmental conditions.Soil fertilizerThe potato is generally to fertilizer, organic fertilizer, fertilizer supplement, heavy base fertilizer, topdressing in early "principle. Because organic fertilizer contains rich organic matter, is conducive to the cultivation of fertilizer, loose soil, improve soil fertility, is more conducive to potato tuber expansion and root growth. Potato growth period need water and fertilizer most is the flowering stage, and this is also rising temperatures, increased rainfall season, but also organic fertilizer gradually maturing, rot solution nutrient release stage. At this time, basal organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer conversion efficiency has continued to expand, to meet the demand for nutrients during the growing period of potato, promote the growth and development of plants. This is the purpose of sets of base fertilizer.The main points of the basal fertilizers have two: one is mainly to high quality organic fertilizer in the fertilizer; the second is to insist on combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer of the three elements of the, which three elements fertilizer dosage should be to two-thirds of the amount of whole growth period as base fertilizer, leaving one-third as top dressing. Every 667 square meters production of potatoes 1500-2000 kg fertilizer quantity is: high quality organic fertilizer 2000-3500 kg, urea 128 kg, P2O5 20 - 30 kg, plant ash 150-200 kg or potassium chloride 10 to 15 kg. Will the fertilizer and organic fertilizer evenly mixed together, as base fertilizer in 10 cm below the soil surface, so you can loose tuber layer, there is conducive to the potato root absorption.Cultivating method
breeding
Potato cultivation technology in the world due to different geographical and climatic conditions. The main use of tubers for asexual reproduction. For avoid cutting knife infectious virus (spindle tuber, X and s mosaic virus) and the ring rot, should choose whole tuber sowing diameter 3 ~ 3.5 cm healthy seed tubers. Most cultivars were bred by cross breeding. In view of the lack of common cultivated species of potato germplasm resources, with particular emphasis on the proximal margin of potato cultivar, including common cultivated species and cultivated diploid chromosome group, in order to facilitate the breeding of high yield, high resistance and high starch, high protein content of new varieties.
The selection and breeding methods were as follows: 1. The hybrid of diploid hybrid and common culture which produced 2n. The use of new varieties of cultivation and common cultivation of hybrid. Potato yield high, strong adaptability to the environment.
The tuber of asexual reproduction, seed in the soil temperature of 5 ~ 8 DEG C under the condition to germination and growth, the optimum temperature is 15 to 20 DEG C. The temperature of stem and leaf growth and flowering of plant is 16 to 22 degrees Celsius. The night is most suitable for tuber formation temperature of 10 ~ 13 DEG C (Tween 16 to 18 DEG C), is higher than 20 degrees is formed slowly. From the seedling stage to -2 DEG C in temperature by freezing.
Pot
Because market prices of agricultural products is growing, all over the world have many people began to study families in a small area of the crop cultivation technology in home grown vegetables. The potatoes are relatively easy to grow, and because of the basic food, so many ordinary families used to grow.
Planting garden are available in small area of land, can also with trash, large flower pots and other depth at least 24 cm container material, generally speaking, a flowerpot can only a potato planting; and VATS can be planted several.
Key to the season to master, because the local temperature is higher than 25 DEG C, and the root tuber is no longer enlarged, so too late, can only receive "bean", so sooner rather than later, before and after the spring equinox can grow, according to the latitude of flexible control).
The soil used for planting does not have to be fertile, but it must be dry, not suitable for the wet weight of the soil; the soil is slightly acidic or partial acid. If you want high yield, the planting soil is best to use nutrient soil (liquid), prepared according to the vegetables to the characteristics of the fertilizer prepared nutrient soil (liquid), can use rotten leaf soil, humus soil, peat, sawdust, wood shavings, rice husk and other mixed with peat, Xihe river sand or sand, perlite, vermiculite, cinder and other and rotten leaf soil, pile of loam, peat soil mixed pot nutrition soil preparation. The conditions can be used in tissue culture, no soil culture.
Control of potted vegetables should choose dwarf dwarf varieties. In dwarf varieties, growth stage to control of water, water management in order not to affect the vegetable growth and development as the principle, and through the adjustment of plant to dwarf and necessary available growth regulators control the plant growth.
Growth period
1 dormant period
Potato tubers after harvest, put into the environment suitable for germination and long time can not germinate, belong to the physiological nature of sleep, is a kind of bad environment adaptability. Tuber dormancy begins at the moment of the tip of the creeping stem and stops polar growth and the tuber begins to expand. The duration of dormancy was related to the storage of tubers, and it was related to the seedling emergence in time after sowing, which was related to the level of the yield. Potato dormancy period is affected by the storage temperature, under the conditions of 26 degrees Celsius, due to the different varieties, dormant period from 1 months to 3 months or more. At temperatures of 0-4 degrees Celsius, tubers can remain dormant for a long time. The dormancy of potato tuber is decided by the direction of the activity of the enzyme, which is closely related to the environment condition.
The growth of potato from the tuber bud germination, the tubers only lifted the dormancy, there is the obvious growth of buds and seedlings. From bud initiation to emergence is the germination period, the first period of growth of stem. Germination phase growth center in shoot elongation, root and the formation of stolon, nutrition and moisture mainly by seed and by sequential feeding of stems and leaves and roots. The speed and the quality of growth, are subject to the environmental conditions of seed potato and germination. Growth time is because of the variety and dormancy characteristics, growing seasons and technical measures for different and vary in length, from 1 month to several months ranging.
3 seedling stage
From emergence to the sixth leaf or the eight leaves can be to complete a phyllotaxy growth, called "rosette" is the second paragraph of stem growth and potatoes in the seedling stage. Seedling stage after a short time, whether in spring or autumn for only a short period of half a month.
4 tillering stage
From rosette to the twelfth or the 16 leaves unfold, early maturing variety in the first inflorescence flowering; late maturing varieties to the second inflorescence flowering and potatoes in the tillering stage, too about 1 month is paragraph three of the main stem growth. Tillering stage, main stem began to sharply overstating, accounted for a total height of about 50%; stem leaves had been completed and branch and branch and leaf expansion. Root continues to expand, tuber enlargement to the pigeon egg size, tillering stage, with a center turning stage of growth, the end of a stage of transition to stem and leaf dry matter quality and tuber dry matter quality than to balance as the standard.
5 node period
Tuber formation stage. The tillering stage is completed, will enter the growth of tuberization in tuber. In this period, the growth of stem and leaf was decreasing, the basal leaves turned yellow and withered, and the organic nutrients of plant parts were transported to the tuber, and the tuber increased quickly, especially in the 10 day after flowering. The length of the node is limited by climatic conditions, disease and variety, and so on, which is generally 30-50 days.
Pest control
The potatoes are most susceptible to the disease, mycosis, late blight scab, early blight. Bacterial ring rot and wilt disease. Virus disease has mosaic, leaf roll disease, virus disease and Mycoplasma diseases, etc.. Insect pest has the tuber moth, nematodes, tigers and grubs.
Aphid is the main pest of potatoes, the worm is one of the main pests of potato hazards, fecundity, mainly infect leaves and shoots. At the same time, it is the major media of transmission of the virus disease and 28 stars ladybugs and underground pests.
Measures for prevention and control
Available 200 times formalin solution soaking and accumulation and covering is tight, stuffy for 2 hours, and then spread out to dry in the air at the same time, strengthen the cultivation and management, pre sowing select seed, elimination of infected tubers, reduce the number of field plants. In the late growth of potato hilling can reduce the zoosporangium infection chance of tuber. During the epidemic, appropriate early vine cutting, after 2 weeks to collect potato piece, can avoid the tuber of diseased plant and contact opportunities, reduce tuber carrier rate. Main value
Potato contains a large number of carbohydrates, but also contains 20% protein, 18 kinds of amino acids, minerals (phosphorus, calcium, etc.), vitamins, etc.. Staple food can also be used as a vegetable food, or as a supplementary food such as French fries, potato chips, etc., are also used to produce starch, vermicelli, etc., can also be used to brew wine or as a livestock feed.