Fertilization techniques of potato
Release time：2016-01-27 11:47:42
Growth conditions of Potato Clones breeding process, from germination to start the sequence after germination stage, seedling stage and tillering stage, three growth period, then enter the tuberization stage and dormancy, and completed in one growth cycle. After a period of dormancy, the harvested tubers can germinate at 4 degrees C, the fastest growing at 13. The optimum temperature for the growth of stem and leaf was 21 degrees C, the optimum temperature of tuber formation period was 14 to 24 degrees C, and 17 to 12 degrees Celsius at night. Short sunshine and bright light is conducive to the expansion of the tuber, the temperature is too high to form the tuber of small. Potato should choose good drainage, topsoil depth, high organic content, loose fertile sandy loam or loam planting. Soil pH value was pH5.0 ~ 6.5. Second, the characteristics of the fertilizer nitrogen to stem and leaf luxuriant growth, color Nonglv and active photosynthesis, increase organic matter accumulation, protein content raise. If too much nitrogen, especially in growth stage, promote plant spindling, soft tissue, delayed tuber maturity, yield reduction. Phosphorus promoted plant growth and health, improved tuber quality and storage, increased starch content and yield. If the lack of phosphorus is and leaves small, reduced photosynthesis, reduced yield, tuber prone to hollow, rust, hardening, is not easy to Zhulan, affect the eating quality. Potassium can enhance plant disease resistance and cold resistance, accelerate nutrient transport, so that the starch and vitamin content in tubers increased. Potassium if the lack of growth inhibition, dwarf part, shorter internode, clump dense leaves a small dark green gradually change is tanned and leaf margin turned brown and died, tuber is elongated or spindle shaped edible part grayish black. Boron is conducive to tuber hypertrophy, can also prevent cracking. It has special effect on improving the net photosynthetic rate of plants. Copper can increase the protein content and increase the respiration of plants. Increase the chlorophyll content, delaying leaf senescence and enhance the ability of drought resistance have a good effect. At the same time, it also has the function of improving the net photosynthetic rate of plants. During the growing period, the potato is the most absorbed potassium fertilizer, the second is the second, and the. Nitrogen content was the highest in the period from bud to bud. Phosphorus content decreased with the increase of plant growth period. The content of potassium in the bud was low, increased rapidly after the bud, but decreased at the time of the flowering period. Both magnesium and calcium have a tendency to increase with the growth of the students. Stems and leaves of the nutrients in the beginning of the expansion of the tuber to run. The total absorption amount of nitrogen and potassium in the tuber was 70%, and the phosphorus was 90%, the calcium was 10%, and the magnesium was about 50%. Three, fertilization fertilizer to organic fertilizer, the general dosage is 22.5 to 45 tons per hectare. Application method is determined according to the dosage of organic fertilizer and quality and less (per hectare 15 tons) of high quality organic fertilizer to shun sowing ditches banding or fertilizing in seed potato pieces, and then covered with soil. Coarse fertilizer amount should be applied immediately, was buried. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should also be fertilizer. A fertilizer in the seed tuber when applied with superphosphate or fertilizer N fertilizer amount. However, it should be noted that nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer can not directly contact seed potato. In many areas, a kind of sweet potato is used to sow the seeds of plant ash, and the plant ash has the function of preventing and preventing disease. Dressing is mostly nitrogen fertilizer, the amount due to the soil fertility, crop, irrigation, density and fertilizer level varies. When applying organic fertilizer under the condition of dry, n dressing effect is poor, to as basal fertilizer is appropriate, nitrogen content is 60kg N per hectare. If the bud stage can be poured once the water, then increased to 90kg nitrogen, water before the opening of deep. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be increased to 105kg nitrogen per hectare, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be increased to 135kg nitrogen per hectare after planting potatoes in sugar beet and sorghum. In short, the application of nitrogen fertilizer in potato is based on the condition of 60 ~ 135kg N per hectare. After anthesis, the nitrogen fertilizer was no longer in general. In the late, in order to prevent premature aging, according to plant growth situation spraying 0.5% urea solution and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution as the root dressing. Four, the production of 1000kg fertilizer standard potato, nitrogen of 4.4 ~ 5.5kg, 1.8 ~ 2.2kg, P2O5 K2O was 7.9 ~ 10.2kg. The proportion of the three is 1: 0.4: 2. Potato is a typical potassium.